Use of synthetic surfactant is another choice to increase efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phytoremediation in soil. In this study the toxicity of soil contaminated with anthracene and fluoranthene at total concentration as 0 200 and 800 mg/kg in combination with 2 synthetic surfactants that were triton x-100 and tween 80 at concentration as 0 1 and 10 times of critical micelle concentration (CMC) on seedling growth of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Mirabilis jalapa. Both synthetic surfactants were watered separately on day 13 after inoculation and seedling growth were measured on day 20 after inoculation. The result shown that both H. sabdariffa and M. jalapa could grow in soil contaminated with anthracene and fluoranthene at all concentrations in combination with both synthetic surfactants. Tween 80 at 1 time of CMC were the least toxic to H. sabdariffa while toxicity of all surfactants on M. jalapa were not different. Decrease of plant growth depended on the increasing of PAH concentration in soil. With these reasons both plants were possible to use for PAH phytoremediation at total concentration 200 mg/kg in combination with synthetic surfactant

This research studied combined toxicities of 4 generally found Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene fluorene fluoranthene and phenanthrene – during growth of 3 legume seedlings - cow pea mungbean and longbean - planted in varied combination of PAH contaminant in soil. Results showed that mungbean growth was more sensitive to PAH co-contaminated soil than cow pea and longbean. Co-contamination of all 4 PAHs was more toxic to legume than each pair of PAHs. Shoot length and fresh weight of legume seedling were more sensitive to co-contamination of all 4 PAHs than root length. Dry weight of legume seedling was the least sensitive to co-contamination of all PAHs.

This research studied combined toxicities of 4 generally found Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene fluorene fluoranthene and phenanthrene – during growth of 3 legume seedlings - cow pea mungbean and longbean - planted in varied combination of PAH contaminant in soil. Results showed that mungbean growth was more sensitive to PAH co-contaminated soil than cow pea and longbean. Co-contamination of all 4 PAHs was more toxic to legume than each pair of PAHs. Shoot length and fresh weight of legume seedling were more sensitive to co-contamination of all 4 PAHs than root length. Dry weight of legume seedling was the least sensitive to co-contamination of all PAHs.

Reused cooking oil is the oil which is used more than one time and contains less than 25% (by weight) of polar compounds. Degenerative reused cooking oil is the oil which is used more than two times and contains more than 25% (by weight) of polar compounds. Major raw material of fried foods is oil. Therefore usefulness of consumed fried foods depends on the quality of cooking oil. When the oil is heated up while cooking chemical change occurs due to the reactions of hydrolysis oxidation and polymerization. These reactions cause degeneration of the oil i.e. black color rancid smell lower smoke point bubbled increased viscosity and generation of toxic substances called polar compounds. This substance can cause high blood pressure heart disease and coronary artery disease. Furthermore the reused cooking oil also contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - toxic mutagens which can cause cancer.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of important organic pollutants and should be concerned. General sources of PAHs are contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons and incomplete combusion of organic compounds. The recalcitrance of these compounds depends on the arrangment of benzene rings and their molecular weight. Besides they are carcinogenic and mutagenic to animals PAHs show several toxicity to plant such as decreasing shoot and root growth and photosynthetic rate. PAHs are toxic to plant at molecular level such as increasing oxidation pressure and decreasing gene expression of cell wall-loosening protein expansion. Photooxidized PAHs showed higher toxicity to plant than parent compounds. Plant species and some environmental factors such as soil pH affect to PAHs phytotoxicity. Phytotoxiciy of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to crop plant growing in Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarboncontaminated soil is an important environmental concern