For modern processors permanent and transient errors due to increased temperature and single event effect continue to intensify as device technologies scale down to small nanometers. While many researchers have proposed efficient methods to limit one of these two problems those techniques may worsen the other reliability aspect. In this project we introduce a novel leakage reduction approach for long-term reliability improvement which considers the impact of shortterm reliability effect from soft errors. In particular we firstly employ body bias tuning to reduce leakage and further investigate its impact on delay and soft error rate of the circuit. It has been discovered from our experiment that use of reverse body bias to control leakage can raise the soft error rate in addition to the delay performance. We therefore integrate several effects of body bias into the proposed leakage reduction technique. The experimental results show that our approach provides satisfactory leakage reduction with confined soft error and delay degradation in 32 nm high-k/metal gate benchmark circuits.

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional transient condition model to predict the heat transfer rate of a heat pipe heat exchanger. This paper presents the details of the calculated domains which consist of the wall wick and vapor core. They were numerically simulated using the finite element method. The heat transfer rate values obtained from the model simulation can be used to design heat pipe heat exchangers. The values obtained from the model calculation were then compared with the results from experiments and the differences were 10.3% 10.4% and 6.7% for the working fluids of distilled water ethanol and R134a respectively. The working fluids of distilled water ethanol and R134a obtained heat transfer rates of 627.3 watts 522.8 watts and 836.4 watts from the experiments respectively.

This paper presents a design of the control system to control AC/DC converter. Algorithm of a control system design consists of the output voltage loop control used a fuzzy gain scheduling of PI control and the current loop control used a hysteresis control which is described in this paper. The evaluation of the proposed control system is used to control an isolated CUK AC/DC converter operation with a 250W load and a -48V output voltage. The system is achieved as the following; the tight output voltage both the steady state operation and the transient response a power factor is nearly unity and the waveform of input current is nearly sinusoidal. In addition the control system design is simple and uncomplicated

Distribution trend of transient temperature profile of copper heat pipe from the start-up of outer wall temperature of evaporator section until the temperature was steady was studied. A two-dimensional model used numerical solution which based on finite difference method. The transient temperature distributions measured in all 3 heat pipe sections were compared with results from the numerical solution of the two-dimensional model that utilized the concept of temperature distribution in the pipe wall during transient operation. Results showed that the experimental trend and the theoretically predicted temperature profiles were similar. Moreover there was good agreement when compared with the numerical simulation of Mistry et al. (2010). Therefore the numerical-validated heat pipe temperature distributions were successfully simulated in a two-dimensional model.

This paper presents a study of low-frequency oscillations in compensated electric power systems with Flexible AC Transmission System of the power system frequency using PSAT Tool box To assist in the analysis of the stability of the system When the power transients in power systems is simulated By using standard IEEE 14 bus system as a case study. The Equipment that used to control the swing frequency of the is a flexible electrical power control devices or FACTS are two kinds of serial and parallel. The analysis showed that two models are compared with the time (Time Domain) and see the effect of the Eigen (Eigen Value) of the simulation results show work to see that controls are electrical flexible compensation. of low frequency oscillations in power systems in acceptable coordinates