In this research scaffolds of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and zinc nickel ferrite (ZnxNi1-xFe2O4) were simply fabricated via the uniaxial pressing together with pressureless sintering which can be tailored for specific applications. The morphology of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4/β-TCP scaffolds with all formulas obtained from the SEM result revealed the larger grains the higher porosity and higher interconnectivity with increasing of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4 amount in β-TCP matrix. The high porous structure of the composite scaffold provided high surface area for cell attachment indicative of good cell growth and differentiation. Biological in vitro test using direct contact method with human cells revealed that the composite scaffold of β-TCP and Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 with all ratios induced the higher growth of Human osteoblast cells and the better cell spreading on surface of specimens

A promising composite of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and bioactive hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ;HAp) has expected to potential for future bone reinforcing formation. In present study zinc ferrite and hydroxyapatite composite was prepared by solid state reaction route for easier control of structural and magnetic characteristics and with low cost. Hydroxyapatite powder was synthesized by precipitation method from chicken eggshell. Mixed powders with varying ZnFe2O4/HAp weight ratios from 2-10 wt% were milled together and uniaxially pressed and then sintered at 1200 oC for 3 hours. The XRD results showing no other phases of composite with only HAp and ZnFe2O4 phases were identified indicating high stability of HAp property. Phase fractions of ZnFe2O4 were found to increase from 10.8 to 18.73 wt% with increasing content of ZnFe2O4. FT-IR results of ZnFe2O4/HAp composite were only revealed vibration bands of standard HAp phase. This may due to the overlapping of the ZnFe2O4 vibrational bands with HAp bands. However their intense variations observed in HAp vibrational bands indicated the interaction between ZnFe2O4 and HAp. The surface morphology of these ZnFe2O4/HAp composite exhibited primary grain in nano scale with enhanced pore structure and Interconnectivity when ZnFe2O4 weight ratios increased; indicating high surface area for cell attachment and better good cell growth and differentiation. The higher saturation magnetization as well as higher super paramagnetic behavior could be easily altered by increasing ZnFe2O4 content in the composite.

The research involved the characterization of the properties of silver alloys -bearing copper and zinc. The alloys composed of 58.4% silver 20.85-41.76% copper and 0-20.83% zinc respectively. When comparing the characteristics of this alloy and sterling silver 925 the alloy specimen had mechanical properties better than the sterling silver 925. The alloy tests presenting the mechanical values of the hardness shear bond strength elasticity of the specimen were in a range of 54.6-95.3 HV1 209.5-379.3 MPa. 100.6-193.8 MPa. and 32.1-51.7% respectively. While the mechanical values of sterling silver 925 were 52.8 HV1 193.5MPa. 96.0 MPa. and 29.8% respectively. Besides these the microstructure of the alloy specimen showed the dendrite structure. We found that this structure decreased when the concentration copper in the specimen increased. After adding zinc into the alloys the high amount of zinc caused the zinc-rich (alpha) phase changed to Eutectic phase together with the significantly increased area of alpha phase. These effects therefore brought up the better various mechanical properties of the alloys. At the same time the another test specimen composed 58.67% Ag 39.20% Cu and 2.14% zinc. The color level of this specimen was close typically to the sterling silver 925 with the difference of Da at 0.236 and Db only at 5.268. Additionally the higher copper concentration in the alloy provided a value tentatively increased but b value decreased. However more remarkable results were that the zinc showed opposite effects from the copper.