Indium tin oxide thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering from In2O3 and SnO2 as a ceramic target with 10 wt% of SnO2. The films were sputtered under pressure of 2?10-3 torr power density of 1.23 W/cm2 and substrate temperature of 200 oC. The main goal is to improve the optical properties of ITO thin films by using a mixture of oxygen and argon gasses with O2/Ar ratios varies from 0.0 to 0.5. The best average values of optical properties in the visible light region were found at the O2/Ar ratio of 0.2. The highest transmittance was 90.68% and the lowest reflectance was 9.42%. The result showed reflectance decreased by 5.52% compared to the films sputtered with only Ar.

The hybrid materials of lead sulfide with montmorillonite were synthesized by a solid-solid reaction between lead-exchanged montmorillonite and sodium sulfide at ambient condition. The hybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA).The basal spacing of heat-treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide (200oC) was 1.20 nm. The formation of lead sulfide in the hybrid confirmed by the non-resolved absorption band and absorption onset at 328 and 508 nm respectively for heat-treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide. The dramatic blue-shifted in the absorption onset relative to that of bulk was observed.The heat treated lead sulfide-montmorillonite-sodium sulfide showed an emission peak at 367 nm. The removal of adsorbed water resulted in the increasing intensity of the hybrid.