This research is about the management of innovation and wisdom: transitions of community financial institutions in the lower central region. The objective is to study solutions to financial problems for members of financial institutions by recommending the knowledge of the _risk of incomes knowledge of credits arising from financial corporation loans and analyses of financial security conditions. It studies the process of hedging the income risks against the returns from credit or loan services. This is to be guidelines for developing and solving the financial problems of financial institutions in line with the lifestyle of financial organization members in the lower central region; Phetchaburi Kanchanaburi and Ratchaburi provinces. This research is mixed methods; both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data includes descriptive statistics to describe the status of household members in the lower central region classified by the nature of the information in terms of economy society households and infrastructure conditions. The total value percentage and mean are analyzed by logistic regression to determine the relationship of the variables. Qualitative data come from interview methods and focus groups as well as applications of participatory action research. The research results showed that: 1.The majority of the farmers was female (63.7 percent) and were in the age range of 51-55 years old (38.8%). There were farmers with marriage-marital status (55.3%) secondary-school-level education (34.25%)1-3 household members (51.2%) farmers with incomes ranging from 10001 -20000 baht (39%) and farmers with expenses from 5001 - 10000 baht (28.7%). There were the need to increase knowledge of risks from training. Knowledge of financial transactions showed that farmers have the need for training (78.8%) and the need of training about proper financial planning showed that farmers have 100 percent of training needs. 2.The causes of indebtedness for the farmers in the lower central region include new debts to repay existing debts (21.4%) housing debts (20.8%) consumption debts (19.6%) childrens education loans (18.8%) investment in agriculture (17.1 %) the impulse side of access to government policies (2.3%) as well as health problems. Most farmers who have debts from borrowing often encounter failures from borrowing to invest in agriculture. They lack professional knowledge lack financial disciplines among farmers such as borrowing to repay old debts causing insufficient funds for investment lack of planning for future savings and of accounting for income and expenses. Problem-solving suggestions: It is very important to educate the households as a partner of cooperation. Education about the financial risks will lead to the hedging process to be consistent with the way of life of the community leading to concrete actions and to development throughout the course. This also includes the ability to improve and modify operations to be successful during operational processes as well as development processes ranging from thinking decision-making planning its implementation and evaluation. Hedging against debt risks is essential for members to be educated. In financial management risk analysis is related to financial obligations. Financial knowledge will bring benefits to the public and will strengthen financial management capabilities leading to an increase of incomes. The learning process through practice has the following important steps of operational processes and practices. 1. Planning. It is a participatory process between the researchers and the target groups to solve financial problems as well as hedging financial risks of the target groups. It starts with a suNey of current conditions an exploration of the problems of the targets and data analyses as the main mechanism for participation. It also includes the process of using tools for recording incomes and expenses and the analyses of those data for solving problems at the household levels. 2. Making-it-real practice. It is about the method of credit analysis to implement the plan and about its improvement. It uses data from recording incomes and expenses of members. 3. Conclusion and reflection. It is the 3rd stage component of learning from practice to solving financial problems. It works through learning activities with the method of training-based education as well as the follow-up and evaluation of results leading to support the processes for the prevention of financial and debt problems. Especially providing knowledge on the recording of incomes expenditure savings risk management and personal finance management are needed to take into consideration in terms of their importance. 4. Exchange of knowledge. There are activities such as summarizing lessons and exchanging knowledge continuously. This is considered as an important element that will lead to the integrated solutions of the debt problems. It is the consequence of having the opportunity to summarize lessons on their own and then yielding personal development.

The purpose of this Participatory Action Research (PAR) was to study the guidelines for creating recreational activities to promote health for the elderly and to create a practical guide for organization of recreational activities for senior citizens in Thamakham Subdistrict Municipality Mueang Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi. This research project had a sample group of 40 volunteer participants who were aged 60 or over were able to take care of themselves and were inhabitants of Moo 1 Moo 2 and Moo 5 in Thamakham Subdistrict Municipality Mueang Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi. The data-collecting instruments for this research were 12 recreational activity programs for promoting health for the elderly and structured interviews of the participants. Data analysis was performed by calculating percentages means and standard deviations. The results of the research project: 1. Most of the seniors were female married have no career have one to three family members and have medical problems. Most of them participated in community activities. 2. Most of the seniors have a medium level of basic knowledge in promoting health for the elderly people. 3. The level of point of view of the seniors about the purpose of creating recreational activities to promote health for the elderly was much more than average. 4. The level of satisfaction of the seniors about managing recreational activities to promote health for the elderly was much more than average. 5. The level of overall satisfaction of the seniors about recreational activities to promote health for the elderly was much more than average. 6. Suggestions were received from the senior citizens that the schedule for the activities should be Monday to Friday between 8.00 A.M. to 12.00 A.M. and that the venues for the activities should be dependent on the organizers and that there should be field trips. 7. Creation of a practical guide containing 12 activities to organize recreational activities for seniors in Thamakham Subdistrict Municipality Mueang Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi.

The objectives of this research were : 1) study the management of academic affairs of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok Area 2) to study the effectiveness of the enhancement of the twelve principal values of Thai people according to the policy of National Committee for Peace and Order of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok area and 3) study the relationship between the management of academic affairs and the effectiveness of the enhancement of the twelve principal values of Thai people according to the policy of National Committee for Peace and Order of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok area. The research sample was composed of 421 school administrators and educational personnels selected through the simple random method. The research instrument was a rating-scale questionnaire. The data were analysed for percentage mean standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The research indicated that: 1) the management of academic affairs of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok area as a whole was at high level; 2) the effectiveness of the enhancement of the twelve principal values of Thai people according to the policy of National Committee for Peace and Order of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok area as a whole was at high level; and 3) the relationship between the enhancement of the twelve principal values of Thai People according to the policy of National Committee for Peace and Order and the management of academic affairs of private elementary Sarasas Affiliated Schools in Bangkok area was in the highly positive direction at the significance level of .01.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to behaviors perceived communication effectiveness and the relationship between communication behaviors and perceived intra-organizational communication effectiveness using 70 sets of closed-end questionnaires as a tool for data collection from employees at a selected independent organization. Statistical methods for data analysis included percentage mean( μ ) standard deviation( σ) and correlation coefficient. The results of the study indicate that most of the survey respondents ae male aged 51 years and older with a marital status. The education level is bachelor’s degree. In respect of information perception intra-organization matters are the main priority among employees with a focus on the information within the organizational unit they belong to or benefits related to them. With regard to communication frequency and channels internal email is mainly used followed by Facebook and Line respectively due to restricted access to communication tools at work. On aspect of intra-organizational communication efficiency straight-to-the-point communication speed and perception are found mainly with the matters within the organization or the work unit the employees belong to. When considering the credibility of the information the emphasis is placed on the content of the order coming from within the organization substantially affecting the communication efficiency. Thus there is the close relationship between information perception and intra-organizational communication efficiency as the correlation is significant at 0.05 level. It can be said that employees at this organization pay considerable attention to the information within organization.

The research on the factors influencing demand in information technology skill development for the management of Halal food database of medium and small business enterprises in Thailand was aimed (1) to study factors influencing the needs to develop skills in using information and (2) to examine the consistency of the causal model with empirical data. The variables studied included the independent variable the availability of database industry and the connection to external organizations and the dependent variable the needs to develop skills in using information for the management of Halal food database of medium and small business enterprises in Thailand. Quantitative empirical research was conducted. The research instruments were questionnaires developed to collect data from 350 sample Halal food entrepreneurs. The statistics used in this study included the frequency percentage average standard deviation structural equation model and qualitative research. It was found that the model was well consistent with the empirical data. The Chi – Square (χ) value was 198.935 at the degrees of freedom (df) of 169 with the probability p-value equal to .057 and chi - square relative (χ22/df) of 1.177. The index of harmony (GFI) was equal to 0.951 and index root mean square of the remaining standards (SRMA) was 0.039 with the accuracy in estimating the parameters (RMSEA) equal to 0.025. In addition it was also found that that the variable of the availability of database industry and the connection to external organizations had positive impact on The need to develop skills in using information technology to manage the database of Halal and medium-sized businesses in Thailand. The findings suggest the entrepreneur to focus on variables such as the availability of database industry and the connection to external organizations which would lead to The need to develop skills in using information technology to manage the database of Halal and medium-sized businesses in Thailand