The objective of this research was to determine the formulation of soap for carving operations and study the satisfaction of developed carved-soap by carving person. There were 3 basic formulas of the soap e.g. olive oil formula (formula 1; 500 ml olive oil 60 g sodium hydroxide and 140 ml water) coconut oil formula (formula 2; 200 ml coconut oil 34 g sodium hydroxide and 80 ml water) and glycerin formula (formula 3; 200 g glycerin and 5 g sodium hydroxide). The basic formula 3 showed the highest satisfaction scores from carving person when compared with other formulas. The next experiment was to find the optimal temperature for heating the mixtures in the range of 40-60oC. The results showed that the temperature of 45oC was the best treatment for heating three types of soap mixtures. Moreover the formula 3 soap received the highest satisfaction scores ( X = 4.21-4.53) from carving person which had the good appearance exquisite styles shape and proportion right. There was no crack no visible of mold growth and soap powder on the product after caving operations. The satisfaction of 52 carving persons between the general soap and developed carved-soap for carving operations was studied using 5-point rating scales. The satisfaction scores of softness stickiness and aroma were significant different (p<0.05) between two types of soap. However the dryness/hardness silkiness color painting property and overall quality scores were not different. The suitable shape of soap for carving operations was a round shape followed by square shape oval shape and heart shape respectively.

Dendrobium Orchid is a popular flower used in garlands because of its large and colorful petals. Accordingly this study aims to research methods to preserve the freshness of Dendrobium Orchid by soaking orchid before twining into garlands First step of this study is to soak orchid stem base in 5 different solutions in the same duration then evaluate the life of fresh orchid the changing of weight and the degree of witheredness. The findings reveal that orchid flower that is put in the vase with sucrose solution of 3.5 grams per 200 milliliter of water provides the longest life extension of 33.3 days whilst Coke solution of 100 milliliter per 200 milliliter of water and Aspirin solution of 300 pp per 1 percent of sucrose yielding the life extension of 30.3 days and 15 days respectively. Second step is to soak whole Dendrobium Orchid flower in different solution for more than 12 hours and then take of its petals. The outter rings of petals are then used in twining garlands. The study shows that the best approach to preserve fresh orchid garland is to soak in sucrose solution of sucrose of 3.5 grams per 200 milliliter of water and keep in refrigerator which yield a life extension of 17 days. Further soaking in Coke solution of 100 milliliter per 200 milliliter of water or in sucrose solution of sucrose of 3.5 grams per 200 milliliter of water and keep in foam container filled with ice flake yields the same life extension of 16 days while the controlled group with no chemical and keep in room temperature results in the shortest life extension of 6 days.

The objective of this research was to find the suitable types of carving style for five fruits and vegetables e.g. pumpkin carrot radish cantaloupe and Japanese cucumber. Physiological changes and methods to improve quality and extend shelf-life were also studied. The results showed that the leave-carved operations stimulated the respiration rate ethylene production and the electrolyte leakage more than flower-carved operations. These responses depended on the size of wound and surface area that contacted with atmospheric oxygen. Two concentrations of peroxyacetic acid (60 and 80 mg/L) solutions showed the efficacy in reducing microorganism populations better than sodium hypochlorite (50 and 75 mg/L). The three firming agents of calcium chloride (0.5-1.5%) calcium lactate (0.5-2%) and calcium propionate (0.5-2%) could improve texture at different concentrations. The combination effects of peroxyacetic acid (80 mg/L) and firming agents (0.5% calcium chloride 1.5% calcium lactate and 2% calcium propionate) and/or 0.25 and 0.5% of chitosan coating were applied on rose and lotus-carved fruits and vegetables. All off flower-carved fruits and vegetables were stored at 5?1oC in clamshell container. Then they were placed in a control temperature chamber at 25?1oC every day for 3 hours until the end of shelf-life. The results showed that 0.25 and 0.5% chitosan coating had the best coating solutions for extended shelf-life of carved pumpkin carrot and cantaloupe. The control treatment dipped in tap distilled water showed the suitable treatment for rose-carved radish and lotus-carved Japanese cucumber. The best chemical treatment for each fruit and vegetable was repeated in the storage experiment and then they were stored at 5?1oC in clamshell containers to determine the shelf-life of three carved fruits and vegetables (rose carnation and lotus). The shelf-life of two styles of flower from carved pumpkin did not exceed 6 days. Carved carrot in rose and carnation flowers had shelf-life for 12 days while radish was not more than 9 days. The shelf-life of rose and carnation carved cantaloupe did not exceed 9 and 6 days respectively. Lotus-carved Japanese cucumber had shelf-life for 6 days. Carved radish and Japanese cucumber were dipped in tap distilled water which had high initial microbial population that caused the short shelf-life. Thus the application of 2% calcium propionate and 80 mg/L peroxyacetic acid was the suitable treatment for reducing microbial population and improving the appearance quality and extended shelf-life.

The research studied results of integrated learning management in flower arrangement techniques subject of students from the bachelor’s degree in Home Economics Business Administration program Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. The researchers provided the cooperative learning and selected three units of flower arrangement techniques subject consisting of materials and tools for arranging flowers creative flower arrangement and international flower arrangement. The research samples were the second year students of Home Economics Business Administration program. The research methods used in this study were a learning achievement form a satisfaction form and a participant observation form. Results of the study found were: 1. The effects of cooperative learning on students flower arrangement techniques subject achievement was found that there was a statistically significant difference between students pretest and post-test scores at the level .05. 2. The satisfaction of students toward flower arrangement techniques subject was at the highest level ( x = 4.00). It showed that students’ attitudes toward cooperative learning were at good level.

The purpose of this research was to assess the knowledge and understanding utilization and satisfaction of students toward learning activities in flower arrangement subject. The research sample was 93 of the first year students majoring in Home Economics Business Administration and studying the flower arrangement subject in the second semester of the academic year 2013. The research methodology was the rating scale questionnaire. Data were processed and analyzed by frequency percentage and mean. For the assessment of the students’ knowledge and understanding toward learning activities based on Thailand Qualifications Framework in flower arrangement subject it was found that for the numerical analysis skills communication and information technology skills it was at the high level with the mean of 3.90. For the knowledge it was at the high level with the mean of 3.82. For the ethics and moral it was at the high level with the mean of 3.79. For the cognitive skill it was at the high level with the mean of 3.78. For the interpersonal skill and responsibility it was at the high level with the mean of 3.70. For the psychomotor skill it was at the medium level with the mean of 3.42. For the assessment of the students’ utilization toward learning activities based on Thailand Qualifications Framework in flower arrangement subject it was found that for the interpersonal skill and responsibility it was at the high level with the mean of 4.20. For the knowledge it was at the high level with the mean of 3.92. For the numerical analysis skills communication and information technology skills it was at the high level with the mean of 3.84. For the ethics moral and it was at the high level with the mean of 3.77. For the psychomotor skill it was at the high level with the mean of 3.66. For the cognitive skill it was at the medium level with the mean of 3.44. For the assessment of the students’ satisfaction toward learning activities based on Thailand Qualifications Framework in flower arrangement subject it was found that for the interpersonal skill and responsibility and the ethics and moral it was at the high level with the mean of 3.98. For the knowledge it was at the high level with the mean of 3.81. For the numerical analysis skills communication and information technology skills it was at the high level with the mean of 3.72. For the cognitive skill it was at the high level with the mean of 3.56. For the psychomotor skill it was at the medium level with the mean of 3.52.