This research was aimed to study the high temperature degradation of AISI 1020 carbon steel pipe under the carburizing atmosphere. This environment was prepared by a mix of powdered charcoal and CaCO3 catalysts and then simulated at temperature of 1000C for 1 2 and 4 hours. The variation in the weight of the aged steel specimens was obtained by the measured metal loss at various working periods. The light optical microscope was used to observe the microstructural changes of aged steel samples. The results revealed that the prolonged operating period decreases the weight of samples and the degradation occurs on the outer surface of the pipes. The study also indicated the microstructural difference between the inner and outer wall of the steel pipe which is resulted from the changes in chemical compositions during the carburizing process.

CO2 emission of rail transportation system plays more important role including the expansion of BTS route that consume the energy and emit CO2 gas more and more. The purpose of this research was to find out amount of CO2 emission from travelling by BTS train and determine specific CO2 emission per product in the form of gCO2e/passenger/km then forecasting on CO2 emission from BTS operations. Research process was initiated from collecting monthly data on ridership distance and electricity for 55 months continuously then regression analysis CUSUM and time series analysis were used for prediction and analysis of CO2 emission. The finding indicated that BTS’s specific CO2 emission was 24.7 gCO2e/passenger/km. Forecasting CO2 Emission from BTS result that Winters Exponential Smoothing Method is most accuracy then Double Exponential Smoothing Method Trend Analysis Method and Decomposition Method respectively. The result of these analysis could be used to calculate carbon footprint from staff travelling by BTS train and promote people to use public transport by government as sustainable transportation concept.

This study is to determine guideline to reduce carbon footprint for organization of medium and small hotels in Thailand using the Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) according to Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). Conducting with 2 represented medium and small hotels the results showed that the overall carbon footprint average of 2013 was 553t.Co2-e. Considering concentration index by number of guestrooms the carbon footprint was 18.81 kg.Co2e/room-night 221.16 kg.Co2-e/m2 by total floor area and 11.65kg.Co2- e/personby guest. The dominant source of carbon footprint was use of electricity 465t.Co2-e(83.06%). Base on this assessment to use of air conditioning was 60.09 % water heater 17.64 % lighting equipment 15.05 % and other 7.22 % of total electricity used. Therefore guidelines for carbon footprint reducing of the representative hotel were to use technology to reduce electricity consumption for air conditioning water heater and lighting respectively. Based Approach to Reducing Carbon Footprint found that small and medium sized hotels can reduce emissions per year 24.87 t.CO2-e representing the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 4.49% or financial projections be able to save money 171.202 baht per year.

The purpose of this research work was to synthesize titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon and used it as a catalyst for dye decolorisation. The effect of preparing factors on titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon such as calcinations temperature and the amount of carbon supports were investigated at 300 400 and 500OC and in range of 5-30 percent by weight respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to detect the crystal structure of prepared catalysts. It was found that all peaks were anatase phase. The morphology of these catalysts was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The results showed regularly distribution of titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The particle size of obtained catalysts was 5-10 nm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was analyzed physical characteristic of catalysts. The specific surface area average pore diameter and pore volume of catalysts was 151.02-784.13 m2/g 26.94-64.35 and 0.24-0.55 cm3/g respectively. Furthermore the activity of obtained catalyst was carried out by using these catalysts to decolourise dye aqueous solution. The titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon 20 percent by weight can obtain 99.78% decolourisation at dye concentration 75 mg/L catalyst concentration 0.5 g/L within 90 minute. Comparison with titanium dioxide P25 (commercial grade) titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon has higher ability. This is because it was not only photocatalytic reaction but it was also absorption

The reduction of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particle was prepared by wet grinding method with 40% dispersion. The particle sizes of CaCO3 were studied with various time of wet grinding. It was found that the particle sizes of CaCO3 rapidly decreased in 3 day of grinding after that it was slightly reduce. Therefore the CaCO3 at various time of wet grinding were mixed with concentrate latex (60% dry rubber content DRC). The result showed that the wet grinding for 2 days provided the superior machanical properties. In addition the compound with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as a coupling agent was investigated. It was found that the 5 phr of 30% mole percent of ENR results in significantly improved mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizates.