The yield of biodiesel from a base catalyzed transesterification in a batch system is generally low due to the reversed reaction. In addition the process tends to generate high amount of waste water in the washing step. In order to overcome the above problems a continuous process was adopted in this study. Solid alum was used to stop the reaction and filtered off from the biodiesel products. The results showed that biodiesel production from palm oil in a 2.8 liter continuous reactor filled with stainless steel wool acted as a static mixer gave biodiesel of 99.6% purity in 10 minutes at the flow rate of 280 milliliter per minutes. KOH was used as the reaction catalyst at a concentration of 0.75% based on ethanol. The molar ratio of ethanol to oil was 9:1. Three hundred and fifty gram of alum could satisfactorily neutralize one liter of biodiesel.

The aim of this research was to develop the crispy pineapple formula (pineapple salt all purpose flour and glycerin) by using mixture design. Ingredients factor were all purpose flour (10-15% of pineapple) and glycerin (0-5% of pineapple) to form a pineapple patty before drying at 180 oC for 2 min. The sensory result found that the optimum formula contains of pineapple salt and 15 % all purpose flour was the most like score. Then developed with the factors of the temperature and time used CCD bring analyst the color and the sensory test using a sample of 30. The result found that showed the optimum at 174 oC for 103 sec. Consumer tests were done with 200 pineapple preferred consumer show that the average like is 3.72 point (5 point) with a height acceptable scored (88.0%).

Honey-nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique in order to study their potentiality for biomedical application especially as wound healing materials. Honey/Gelatin ratios operating voltages and solution flow rates were considered as the experimental variables. All synthesized nanofibers were tested for their sizes percentages of water uptake and contact angles between the fiber surfaces and water droplets. It was found that 1) size of nanofibers and contact angle between the fiber surfaces and water droplet increased with increasing of honey in solution 2) size and percentage of water uptake of nanofibers increased with stepping up of operating voltage and 3) size of nanofibers was minimized at the flow rate of 0.06 ml/hr for each operating voltage of this study.

ZnO tetrapods were synthesized by thermal oxidation technique under atmospheric pressure to forming as microstructural scale for increasing a high surface to volume ratio which effects to higher reaction rate. ZnO was mixed in nutrient broth (NB) by varies ZnO concentration from 1000 ppm to 500000 ppm. E. coli was growth in mixed NB under temperature of 37 oC for 24 h. The bacterial growth was investigated by a measurement of optical density (OD) using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at wavelength of 600 nm. It was showed that the OD decreasing as a linear function of ZnO concentration at the concentration in range of 1000 ppm to 50000 ppm. Moreover it was rapidly decreased at the concentration are 100000 ppm and 500000 ppm. The result shows the bacterial growth has been decreased. Therefore we concluded that ZnO tetrapods have an inhibition potential for E. coli.

In this paper the ability to estimate the rubber plantation’s leaf area index (LAI) of hyperspectral remote sensing with Hyperion satellite and multispectral remote sensing with Advance Land Image (ALI) satellite were compared. LAI was estimated by NDVI. Many mathematical models such as Linear polynomial Logarithm Exponential and Power functions were used to determine the correlation between NDVI and LAI from field survey. Sixty eight LAI data from field survey was divided half for calibration and half for evaluation data sets. From many mathematical models the power function give maximum R2 both Hyperion and ALI Hyperion give R2 = 0.738 (RMSE = 0.089 m2m-2) and R2 = 0.624 (RMSE = 0.119 m2m-2) for calibration and evaluation datasets respectively and R2 = 0.582 (RMSE = 0.165 m2m-2) and R2 = 0.482 (RMSE = 0.280 m2m-2) for ALI. The result shows hyperspectral remote sensing is suitable to estimate LAI of rubber plantation than multispectral remote sensing