For modern processors permanent and transient errors due to increased temperature and single event effect continue to intensify as device technologies scale down to small nanometers. While many researchers have proposed efficient methods to limit one of these two problems those techniques may worsen the other reliability aspect. In this project we introduce a novel leakage reduction approach for long-term reliability improvement which considers the impact of shortterm reliability effect from soft errors. In particular we firstly employ body bias tuning to reduce leakage and further investigate its impact on delay and soft error rate of the circuit. It has been discovered from our experiment that use of reverse body bias to control leakage can raise the soft error rate in addition to the delay performance. We therefore integrate several effects of body bias into the proposed leakage reduction technique. The experimental results show that our approach provides satisfactory leakage reduction with confined soft error and delay degradation in 32 nm high-k/metal gate benchmark circuits.

Nowadays container of alcohol for warm food is produced from raw material of alloy mixture of tin chromium and manganese. When the container is heated with the flame temperature at 300 c which it is burned about 10 minutes. The container is transformed into trash that it’s difficult to disintegrate for destroying the environment. This reason is that the sawdust is taken for useful and alloy substitute. Manufacturing container from the sawdust on alloy with alcohol gel substitute for warm food the process of forming is essential that mold extrusion and compression mold are designed appropriate to size shape of workpiecesafedurablesuitable work including preparing forming sawdusttest for burningpreparing synchronizationdesign work and selecting material for mold. The result of project revealed that the burning was taken about 26 minutes per piece while metal container had 15 minutes. Furthermore sawdust container was about 73.33 percent and the temperature of combustion higher than metal container about 51.88 percent. Sawdust container costs 2.45 baht per cup and lower than 51.00 percent whereas metal container costs 5 baht per cup. The rate of precipitation into process of biodegradation container from sawdust and water showed that the rate of good biodegradation was depended on precipitation into process of biodegradation.

Members of Pineapple Leaf Group have gathered to produce paper from pineapple leaves left from pineapple harvest. The obtained paper has been used to make various types of products such as picture frames paper bags envelopes flowers key chains and so on for selling to visitors at tourist destinations and to those who came to observe the group’s production of paper and other local goods. However it is found that the product is not of much interest for the tourists as it should be. For this reason the researcher considers seeking appropriate solution to the group by using the pineapple leaves to make bas-reliefs with an aim to add value to pineapple leaf paper. From the creation of mold made of plaster and that made of resin and use both molds to make bas-reliefs it is found that the bas-reliefs obtained from resin mold are more beautiful and easier to produce. This is because resin mold is more durable clearer and lighter. The researcher has presented the bas-reliefs to 448 tourists who have come to visit the project during the period of one year and asked for their opinions and satisfactions. The results are that most of the respondents (327 persons) are female which accounts for 72.99% of all. Most of them or 352 persons (78.57%) obtain the secondary school diploma. The age range of most of the respondents (154 persons) is 31-40 years amounting to 34.38%. As for satisfactions of the quality of bas-reliefs made from pineapple leaves most of the respondents (72%) expressed “strongly agreed”. 75% of the respondents are “strongly agreed” with the product beauty. In terms of durability most of the respondents (61%) are “strongly agreed”. Concerning appropriateness of the product as souvenir most of the respondents (77%) expressed “strongly agreed”. Finally 73% of the respondents are “strongly agreed” with the idea that the product is potential for sale.

The faults in a power distribution system do not only impact to power outage directly. They also cause voltage sag problem spread over the system. A single-line to ground fault is about 70% of the overhead system faults. The magnitude and duration of voltage sag causes the economic damage of the system. This paper presents an analysis of the different systems grounding to mitigate the voltage sag in a power distribution system by using the technical analysis system in case of one phase to ground fault. The objective is to minimize voltage drop for users using the simulation with single line to ground fault in distribution system voltage level at 22 kV PEA’s test system by the computer program. The results show that the grounding method can mitigate the voltage sag and reduce the damage of the economic system.

This paper present the engineering properties of asphalt (AC 60/70) modified with different ratios of crumb rubber. Then select the best properties of the binder to mix asphaltic concrete. From laboratory testing results with adding 11% crumb rubber into mixtures for the best results. The properties of asphaltic concrete can be improved by adding 11% crumb rubber. For asphaltic concrete Marshall Stability increased and flow decreased with adding crumb rubber into asphalt. Comparing to ordinary asphaltic concrete (AC 60/70) the rutting resistance was increased 18% for crumb rubber modified asphalt respectively. Moreover the fatigue resistance of crumb rubber modified asphalt improved to be 1.59 times compared to AC 60/70.