Metaheuristic optimization approach has become the new framework for control synthesis. The main purposed of the control design are input (command) tracking and load (disturbance) regulating. This research proposes an optimal proportional-derivative (PID) controller design for the brushless dc (BLDC) motor speed control system with input tracking and load regulating constrained optimization by using the cuckoo search (CuS) one of the most efficient population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques. The sum-squared error between population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques. The sum-squared error between the referent input and the controlled output is set as the objective function to be minimized. The rise time the maximum overshoot settling time and steady-state error are set as inequality constraints for tracking purpose while the regulating time and the maximum overshoot of load regulation are set as inequality constraints for regulating purpose. Results obtained by the CuS will be compared with those obtained by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). From simulation results it was found that the parameters of CuS were optimal than both PSO and GA for BLDC motor speed control system satisfying the preset input tracking and load regulating constraints. In addition the simulation results are confirmed by the experimental ones from the BLDC motor speed control system developed in the laboratory.

At present global warming is a major problem that needs to be addressed and mitigated. The problem arises because human housing construction is increasing. The surface of the soil which is a source of vegetation was scattered by the building. The impact of the construction resulted in higher overall temperatures. This is caused by the heat accumulated in the building material. Particularly for building materials that have been exposed to direct sunlight this has had an impact on the comfort of the occupants in the building. This research is an experiment to make a wall of plants from a tattoo. The natural plant material was planted to study the solar radiation efficiency of the planting wall of the tattooed leaves installed on the test box. Based on the analysis of the data it can be concluded that the test wall covered with vegetation leaves the temperature lower than that of the other walls. Different test walls make different internal and external temperatures. Sun radiation affects the test wall temperature varying according to the amount of sun radiation received. Observed by changing internal and external wall temperatures at different intervals. Use plants to protect the walls to prevent heat by keeping the walls under the shade of the plant. It also radiates heat through the leaves. Leaves are a thermodynamic variable that is cooled down by the evaporation of leaves. Plants on the wall will absorb the water inside to evaporate. The temperature of the tree is cool. When combined with the airflow through the wall the shade will blow the hot air under the leaves and the water vapor from the dehydration process of the plant. The heat from the tree wall to the environment is better. As a result the internal temperature decreased.

The aim of this research was to study protein mineral and vitamin contents in 20 local rice varieties by collecting 36 samples from loei province. Determination of nutritional value of 36 samples showed that it consisted of 7.16±0.15-11.05±0.12 g protein/100 g rice. Khao Niaw Dum Luempua (LR22) showed the highest phosphorus content were 263.85±0.19 mg/100 g. Analysis the amount of iron and calcium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Found that the concentration of iron was the highest content in Khao Homtung (LR7) were 7.31±0.14 mg/100 g And calcium content highest in Khao Niaw Dum Luempua (LR22) as 11.15±0.24 mg/100g. In the analysis of all three vitamins by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). khao Sum Bine (HP14) showed the highest beta carotene content were 0.08±0.14 mg/kg. While not detecting beta carotene in local rice varieties 15 samples including Khao Plah Sew Noi detecting beta carotene in local rice varieties 15 samples including Khao Plah Noi (LR3) Khao Hom Sa Ngiem (LR6) Khao San Pa Tong (LR12) Khao San Pa Tongdor (LR13) Khao Soviet (LR15) Khao San Ti Bal (LR16) Khao Lom Pee (LR17) Khao Laotaek (LR19) Khao Plah Sew Noi (LR20) Khao Hom Sa Ngiem (LR27) Khao Homtung (LR28) Khao Phare (LR30) Khao Maw (LR31) Khao Dang (LR32) and Khao Plah Sew Noi (LR35). The results showed that the highest alpha tocopherol and thiamine contents were found in khao Niaw Dum Luempua (LR36) with 16.18±0.09 and 12.08±0.18 mg/kg respectively. The results of this study are useful as basic data for rice consumption local rice preservation and further product development.

This research aims to investigate and test the feasibility of the production of natural teak sheets and study the appropriate production methods. Study physical properties and mechanical properties to compare with industry standard insulation sheet. The ratio of tattoo and hyacinth. 5% 7% 9% of the material were dried at 400 600 800 kg / m3. The results showed that the modulus rupture. Elastic modulus And thickness swelling. It varies with the amount of glue. The nature of the tattoo causes absorption in the material if the density increases the water absorption will decrease. Compared to standard insulation products. The amount of adhesive is 7% of the weight of the material when dry. The density of 800 kg / m 2 is 25 kg / cm2. 140 degree Celsius ruptured modulus and elastic modulus But the thickness of the swelling has not met the criteria. In the next production should be mixed waterproofing in the work.

The shrinkage of plastic was caused by the shape of the product and the type of plastic used in the injection. The plastic shrinkage difference was resulted from the temperature used in melting the injection speed mold cooling and different injection surroundings. These led to unknown exact value of plastic shrinkage and the trial and error work has been done. As a result of trial and error work the injection products were not in the determined size. This research aims to find the percentage of plastic shrinkage according to standard test ASTM D955 from (Amorphous Thermoplastic) (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABS). The findings showed that square specimen size 60x60x2 mm measured from vertical perpendicular to flowing direction the shrinkage was at 0.86% the shrinkage was at 0.59% when measured from flowing direction and the thickness expanded at 20%. For the rectangular specimen size 12.7x127x3.2 mm measured from vertical perpendicular to flowing direction the expanding was at 0.16% the shrinkage was at 0.88% when measured from flowing direction and the thickness expanded at 14.86%. The circular specimen size 100x3.2 mm the shrinkage was at 1.26 when measured from vertical perpendicular to flowing direction the shrinkage measured from flowing direction was at 0.82% and the thickness expanded at 13.23%