This paper presents a study on the strength and porosity of mortars made with binary blends of ordinary Portland cement type I (OPC) sand and ground rice husk ash (RHA) or ground palm oil fuel ash (POA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement Type I containing 0-40% RHA and POA. The water to binder ratio was kept constant at 0.5 and the flow of mortar was maintained at 110 +/- 5% with the aid of superplasticizer (SP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used on materials. Compressive strength and porosity of the mortar were determined. The XRD pattern confirmed that POA and RHA were mainly amorphous silica. The use of RHA and POA produced waste ash with relatively high strength. The porosity of mortar containing RHA and POA decreased with the low replacement level of up to 20% of pozzolanic but increased with the 40% replacement level. RHA and POA have a high potential to be used as a good pozzolanic material in concrete work.

The purpose of this research is to study the level of knowledge and understanding in democracy of the youths in Bangkok according to gender age education level family incomes occupation of the parents interesting level in political news and the participation in political activity. This research is a survey research. The sample groups are the 2500 youths who live in Bangkok metropolis persons from 50 districts by accidental sampling. Questionnaire is used as a tool in data collection. The statistics are means of percentage frequency arithmetic means standard deviation and Chi-square. The results are as the following: most of The have knowledge and understanding level in democracy at a moderate level. The factors affecting the knowledge and understanding which a statistical significance at .05 are age education level family incomes occupation of parents interesting level in political and participation in political activity.

This paper presents a study on the strength and corrosion resistance of mortars made with binary blends of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground rice husk ash (RHA) or ground palm oil fuel ash (POA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement Type I containing 0-40% RHA and POA. RHA and POA with 1-3% by weight retained on a sieve No.325 were used. The water to binder ratio was kept constant at 0.5 and the flow of mortar was maintained at 110±5% with the aid of superplasticizer (SP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysis. The compressive strength chloride penetration and corrosion resistance of the mortar were determined. The results show that strength as well as the resistance of mortar to chloride and corrosion can be improved by blending with RHA and POA. Thus RHA and POA have a high potential to be used as a good pozzolanic material.

This paper presented a study on the strength and chloride resistance of mortars made with ternary blends of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) ground palm oil fuel ash (POA) and classified fly ash (FA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement type I containing 0-40wt% FA and POA. FA and POA with 1wt%-3wt% retained on a sieve No.325 were used. The compressive strength and rapid chloride penetration depth of mortars were determined. The results reveal that the use of ternary blended cements produces good strength mortars. The use of the blend of FA and POA also produces high strength mortars and excellent resistance to chloride penetration owing to the synergic effect of FA and POA. A mathematical analysis and two-parameter polynomial model were presented to predict the compressive strength. The mathematical model correlated well with the experimental results. The computer 3-D graphics of strength of the ternary blended mortars were also constructed and could be used to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.

The objective of this survey research was to study the opinion of people in Samutsakhon Municipality Samutsakhon province concerning the construction of on-ground pipe-water production system. The results of this survey research were as follows : the opinion and requirement of people in Samutsakhon concerning the construction of on-ground pipe-water production system were at high level. The perception of problems concerning the construction of pipe-water production system was not relative to the opinion of people in However the perception of information in constructing pipe-water production system and the participatory responsibilities in service of pipe-water production system were positively and significantly relative to the opinion of people at the level of .05